Ruski sinonimi za riječ "popiti": Rus ih počeo brojiti na Twitteru pa se umorio...
Zašto bi netko pri zdravoj pameti i trijezne glave uopće pokušavao nabrojati sve sinonime glagola "piti" u ruskom jeziku? To djeluje kao nemoguća misija.
Ali treba odati priznanje autoru koji je bar pokušao. On je svaki izraz prokomentirao za englesko "tržište", a mi ćemo za hrvatsko.
1. Бухать (Buhatʹ)
Naravno, počinjemo od izraza "buhatʹ". Na hrvatskom bismo ga mogli prevesti glagolom "lokati". Rusi koriste ovaj glagol kada imaju sasvim jasan cilj - da piju dok se ne napiju. Zli jezici bi cijeli proces opisali kao "povijest Rusije u malom".
OK, let's see how many I can conjure up in my memory without doing any Google searches...
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
I will start, of course, with "bukhat", which means "to drink purposefully and resolutely with the express goal of getting drunk", an act also known as "the history of Russia." pic.twitter.com/a4FN9K7Wpj
2. Принять (Prinjat')
Suprotno od prethodnog glagola, "prinjat'" (doslovno "primiti") se koristi u značenju "popiti malo na brzinu, samo da alkohol počne djelovati". Ekvivalent na hrvatskom bi bio "drmnuti". Rusi to rade kad im treba dodatna hrabrost, odlučnost ili samouvjerenost u rješavanju svakodnevnih problema.
The opposite of "bukhat" is "prinyat", which translates directly as "to take" (as in "to take medicine"). It means "to have a quick drink to get just a bit tipsy, giving one the resolve needed to face the daily torture of Russian life or quell the throbbing of the Russian soul." pic.twitter.com/pCssd0xWtF
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
3. Пропустить (Propustitʹ)
Slično kao "prinjat'", samo malo ležernije, bez obveze da se čovjek napije. Najbliži hrvatski ekvivalent bi možda bio "cugnuti". To Rusi uvijek rade u dobrom društvu. Takoreći po navici.
"Propustit" ("to pass through oneself") is almost a synonym to "prinyat" but implies a more nonchalant attitude, where getting tipsy isn't done by necessity (because, hello, Russia!) but for the fun of it and out of an established habit. "Propustit" is always done in good company pic.twitter.com/ggeVoA34ik
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
4. Накатить (Nakatitʹ)
Doslovno "navaljati". Isto kao i prethodni, ovaj glagol podrazumijeva brzo konzumiranje alkohola, tj. proces koji ne traje dugo. Ali za razliku od prethodnog, ovdje su doze veće i rezultat je upadljiviji. Možda bi odgovarao hrvatski izraz "nacugati se".
"Nakatit" ("to roll on") is similar in that it also implies a quick drink rather than a prolonged, dedicated activity, but is in a slightly heavier weight class. When involved in "nakatit", the doze may be bigger and the results more noticeable. It's "prinyat" for real men pic.twitter.com/IAmT62NCe3
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
5. Нажраться (Nažratʹsja)
Glagol znači doslovno "nažderati se", a kada je riječ o alkoholnom piću, na hrvatskom bi se mogao prevesti izrazom "našljokati se". Drugim riječima, napiti se do krajnjih granica, ne mareći mnogo za eleganciju i fine manire.
"Nazhratsya" is where we are getting into good stuff. Literally, it's equivalent to "stuffing one's face", but it always means "to get sloppily drunk in an undignified manner." A person to whom the word refers can never be considered a respectable member of the drinking community pic.twitter.com/PBdfsSz064
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
6. Набраться (Nabratʹsja)
"Nabratʹsja" - doslovno "nakupiti (za sebe)". U kontekstu pića znači isto što i prethodni glagol, ali ipak zvuči malo elegantnije i podrazumijeva malo manju dozu alkohola u krvi ili viši društveni status pijanica.
"Nabratsya" (literally "to fill oneself") sounds and means almost the same but isn't quite as derisive and may imply a less revolting condition or a higher societal status of the drunk. A Russian man is not expected to go through life without at least one episode of "nabratsya." pic.twitter.com/728rtLCHmM
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
7. Нализаться (Nalizatʹsja)
Ovaj glagol ima specifično značenje: "vratiti se kasno kući pijan". Koriste ga uglavnom žene kada govore o svom mužu: "Nalizalsja opjat! ("Opet se naljoskao!")
"Nalizalsya" (lit. "licked his fill") has a very specific meaning, which is "to arrive at the doorstep embarrassingly drunk late at night to the dismay of one's extremely angry wife" as this word is almost exclusively wielded by wives in the phrase "nalizalsya again!" pic.twitter.com/V4q0z5sawd
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
8. Квасить (Kvasitʹ)
Narodska varijanta izraza "buhatʹ". Podrazumijeva ležerniji odnos prema cijeloj "proceduri", čak i s izvjesnom dozom humora. U hrvatskom bi ekvivalent možda mogao biti glagol "ljuštiti".
"Kvasit" ("to pickle/ferment oneself") is similar to "bukhat", but it's a more folksy, happy-go-lucky type of phrase. The goals of the collective are the same but the masses are perhaps approaching the task with slightly more good humor. pic.twitter.com/LVgnBfjY5E
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
9. Наглюкаться (Nagljukatʹsja)
Ovaj glagol se koristi kad se čovjek toliko napije da više ne razlikuje stvarnost od mašte. "Radna varijanta" u hrvatskom jeziku bi mogao biti izraz "razbiti se".
"Naglyukatsya" ("to get into a hallucinating condition") is getting us back to the "undignified/sloppy drunk" territory and does, as the word suggests, imply raving, talking with imaginary friends, performing self-criticism before the comrades and engaging in feats of strength. pic.twitter.com/hz1OMIyEVm
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
10. Залить глаза (Zalitʹ glaza)
Doslovno "zaliti oči". Kaže se za nekoga tko se toliko napio da više ne prepoznaje ljude oko sebe. Prijedlog prijevoda na hrvatski: "razvaliti se" (jest da se to koristi više za narkotike, ali ni ovo stanje nije daleko od djelovanja narkotika).
"Zalit glaza" ("to fill one's eyes") is a classical phrase dating back to the Czarist times. People who want to feel more with it and modern can substitute "glaza" for "zenki", a more slangish term. In either case, it means to get into a state where you don't recognize folks pic.twitter.com/McAWMJb8Xm
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
11. Заложить за воротник (Založit' za vorotnik)
Doslovno "zadjenuti za ovratnik". Izraz potječe iz 19. stoljeća i zvuči pozitivno-aristokratski. Prvobitno je označavao stavljanje salvete prije početka "konzumacije".
"Zalozhit za vorotnik" ("to stuff it under one's collar") is also a XIX c. turn of phrase and is positively aristocratic, implying a napkin being tucked under one's shirt before the procedure of getting wasted commences. A modicum of self-respect is important to the Motherland. pic.twitter.com/E2wA7erk9t
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
12. Принять на грудь (Prinjat' na grud')
"Primiti na grudi" - vrlo rječit izraz, koji ukazuje na to da u Rusiji pijančenje nije zabava i razonoda, nego težak trudbenički podvig. Još su stari Rusi govorili: "Piti nije isto što i baviti se sportom, za piće treba mnogo kondicije".
"Prinyat na grud" ("to perform a chest press") is a phrase that properly showcases the act of drinking in Russia as hard and necessary labor rather than pleasurable activity. As the old adage says, "drinking is not playing sports; you need a lot of health here." pic.twitter.com/3oDqJ2J7P3
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
13. Врезать (Vrezatʹ)
Sličan hrvatski izraz je "drmnuti", premda se kod Rusa podrazumijeva mnogo veća doza. "Vrezatʹ" znači brzo ispiti veću dozu, neovisno o okolnostima i posljedicama.
"Vrezat" is a particularly aggressive term deriving from both the word for "to cut" and the slang term for "to punch straight in the goddamn face." It implies a quick, purposeful intake of a large doze regardless of circumstances and consequences. A cavalry attack of drinking. pic.twitter.com/6PiAB9P4ck
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
14. Раздавить (Razdavit')
Doslovno "zgaziti". Koristi se samo kada je riječ o cijeloj boci, ali boci jakog alkohola. Ne može se, primjerice, reći "zgaziti bocu piva". Možda bi odgovarao hrvatski izraz "sljuštiti".
"Razdavit" ("to squish one") can only be applied to an entire bottle of hard liquor. One can't be said to "razdavit" a glass or a bottle of beer (what are we, Americans, to get drunk on fizzy stuff?), it's rather a decisive triumph of our glorious forces over the impossible odds. pic.twitter.com/Q4mRUG7wZ8
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
15. Вздрогнуть (Vzdrognutʹ)
"Vzdrognutʹ" (doslovno "stresti se"). Na hrvatskom vjerojatno "cimnuti", premda ruski izraz podrazumijeva i neki povod, pa makar i prividan.
"Vzdrognut" ("to shudder") is a more esoteric term, which usually implies a ritualistic drink on a specific occasion that traditionally calls for one (saying goodbye to a friend, saying hello to a neighbor or... I don't know... Tuesday?). It carries a real "ain't no thing" vibe. pic.twitter.com/g6eWOAUULc
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
16. Тяпнуть (Tjapnut')
Glagoli "tjapnut'" ili "derjabnutʹ" imaju isto osnovno značenje kao i glagol "vrezatʹ", a u prenesenom smislu (kada je riječ o alkoholu) označavaju bržu i odlučniju radnju, bez mnogo prenemaganja, ali ipak manje agresivno i s većom dozom humora.
"Tyapnut" ("to hack one") and "deryabnut" ("to bang one") have the same basic meaning as "vrezat" in that a quick, decisive, cavalier action is implied, but both sound amicable and less aggressive. Again, a rather humorous attitude to the idea of getting seriously wasted is shown pic.twitter.com/siwdIq7wst
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
17. Остограммиться (Ostogrammitʹsja)
Rusi su vrlo pedantni kada je riječ o alkoholu. Broje svaki "gram", odnosno mililitar. Dok su u stanju, broje, naravno. Glagol "ostogrammitʹsja" bi se opisno mogao ovako prevesti: "okvasiti grlo pomoću 100 mililitara".
"Ostogrammitsya" is a real triumph of literary Russian as it's literally means "to anoint oneself with (or "to avail oneself of") 100 grams." If you ever use this phrase, you let everyone know that you are involved in a sacred ritual of Russianness and not some slovenly vice. pic.twitter.com/feCuZKa8nA
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
18. Хрюкнуть (Hrjuknutʹ)
"Hrjuknutʹ" je svršeni vid od glagola "hrjukatʹ", što znači "groktati" (o svinjama). Kada je riječ o alkoholu, ovo je kratka jednokratna radnja, dok se za cijeli proces kaže "nahrjukatʹsja" (nagroktati se). Ovaj drugi bi se na hrvatskom mogao prevesti glagolom "usvinjiti se". Možda nije potrebno ulaziti u detalje i nijanse značenja, sve je ionako jasno.
On the opposite end of the spectrum of respectability is "khryuknut" which literally means "to oink." It's obvious that a person who does this cannot hold his liquor and will be reduced to the Orwellian vision of the Soviet society in a matter of minutes. For shame, comrade! pic.twitter.com/djcwad3AXR
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
19. Обмыть (Obmitʹ)
Doslovno "isprati polijevanjem". Preneseno značenje je krajnje specifično: "ritualno uz pomoć alkohola obilježiti kupnju, kako bi kupljena stvar dugo služila". Najčešće se koristi za kupnju automobila, i to bez truna ironije.
The term "obmyt" ("to wash something off") has an extremely specific meaning. It means "to have a ritualistic drink in order to celebrate a major purchase, thus making such purchase lucky and durable." Usually reserved for cars, an action Russians see absolutely no irony in. pic.twitter.com/DHjJs7RwRD
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
20. Уйти в запой (Ujti v zapoj)
Izraz bi se pjesničkim jezikom na hrvatski mogao prevesti ovako: "prepustiti se kruženju alkohola u prirodi, stopiti se s tim procesom". Premda... Posljedice često nisu nimalo romantične.
Tipičan ruski "zapoj" je stanje u kojem čovjek neprekidno pijanči danima, tjednima, pa čak i mjesecima. I ništa drugo ne radi.
Fraza "on v zapoje" može služiti čak i kao legitimno opravdanje za odsustvo s posla. Ljudi koji zapadaju u ovo stanje obično u drugim prilikama ne piju mnogo.
... Which is "uiti v zapoy", a phrase that literally means "to go away into the vortex of drinking." And yes, it has both the escapist and the morbid connotations at the same time. A "zapoy" is often translated as "binge" into English, but it's not entirely correct...
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
No zato su se korisnici Twittera nadovezali i nastavili s nabrajanjem, što možete pogledati ovdje.
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A real zapoy is a condition of continuous drinking over a period of several days or, often, weeks and even months. A zapoy is when an alcoholic falls off the wagon, but it implies a continuous, uninterrupted state of being drunk with no other activities in between.
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
*
"He is in a zapoy" is sometimes regarded as a legitimate excuse for being away from work. People who get in and out of zapoys will often drink very little or none at all in between. They are referred to as "zapoyny" drunks...
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
There is more but I am tired. As are you, probably.
*
Holy molly, I have just realized I am not even 20% into my list! I won't even get to the different stages of drunkenness, which are more detailed than the periodic table.
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
The glory of the Russian language is boundless. I think, I will wrap this up now with the tour de force...
Ako vi imate ideju koji bi se hrvatski izraz još mogao usporediti ili natjecati s ruskim izrazima, napišite nam u komentarima.
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